A combination of both endoscopic findings and clinical presentation.Truelove and Witts severity index for ulcerative colitis.Simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI).Ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS).There are several classification systems that can be used to assess disease severity. Limited to the colon distal to the splenic flexureĬlassification of ulcerative colitis by severity Montreal classification for the extent of ulcerative colitis Patients with ulcerative colitis are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and should undergo regular endoscopic surveillance. Proctocolectomy is curative and indicated in patients with complicated ulcerative colitis or dysplasia.
In distal colitis, medications may be administered rectally (e.g., via enema), whereas more proximal inflammation requires oral treatment. Patients who experience severe episodes often require corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants to achieve remission. 5-Aminosalicylic acids (e.g., mesalamine) are the mainstay of treatment for mild-to-moderate disease. Definitive diagnosis requires endoscopy, which may show changes to superficial vascular patterns, friable mucosa, and erosions and/or ulcerations. Although not required for diagnosis, the presence of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies ( pANCA) is suggestive of ulcerative colitis. Laboratory findings typically show elevated inflammatory markers (e.g., ESR, CRP) and elevated fecal calprotectin. Common symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fecal urgency. Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) characterized by chronic mucosal inflammation of the rectum, colon, and cecum.
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